Bunraku

Bunraku has been around since the 15th century, but Osaka is credited with creating it in 1864. The word Bunraku was actually the name of a theater from the Edo period. Bunraku was based off of myths intermixed with the truth. Entering the the 1600's, puppets were intertwined with Bunraku. No one is certain who created Bunraku, but there is a possibility the creator wanted to try mixing narration and puppets together. Bunraku perfeormers can include the ningyotsukai, the puppeteers, Tayu, the chanters, and Shamisen players, which are included from time to time.

Bunraku is, by far, the most advanced form of puppetry in the world. Most Bunraku plays are historical and deal with the conflict between social obligation and human emtion, a common theme in Japanese literature. One of the most famous Bunraku playwrighters, Chikamastu Monzaemon, lived from 1653 to 1724. He was the Shakespeare of Bunraku. To this day, Monzaemon's plays are still preformed and are loved by many.

Actual Bunraku puppets range in size. They can be in the range of two and a half feet to four feet. To control the puppets, a handle extends down from the neck, and the puppeteer extends his hand in the back to grab hold of it. Usually, one chanter recites all the parts for all of all the characters, changing his pitch for each different character. The puppeteers have to be well talented to control these puppets, mastering control of the puppet, something that is easier said than done. The chanters also must have a wide vocal range and have distinct character pops, something that is not easy to master. A great level of respect has been created for the people who still live this lost art form and it is well deserved.